How to lower the risk of diverticulitis

A prevention plan should fit your bowel pattern, other medical conditions, and any advice given after a previous episode.

Diverticula are small pouches that form in the wall of the large bowel. Having these pouches is called diverticulosis; diverticulitis occurs when one or more become inflamed or infected. The presence of diverticula does not mean inflammation is inevitable.

An episode can cause persistent abdominal pain, often on the lower left side, along with fever, nausea, a change in bowel habits, or tenderness. Symptoms overlap with other digestive and urinary problems, so a clinician may need to examine you before recommending treatment.

Build fibre gradually with vegetables, fruit, pulses and whole grains if these foods suit you. A sudden increase can cause bloating or gas. Drink enough fluid to keep stools comfortable to pass, especially when increasing fibre, unless a clinician has told you to restrict fluids.

Regular walking or other suitable activity supports bowel function. Respond to the urge to open your bowels rather than repeatedly delaying it, and seek tailored advice if constipation continues. Nuts, seeds and popcorn do not need to be routinely excluded solely because diverticula are present.

Avoid smoking and discuss weight management if it is relevant to your health. After diverticulitis, follow the recovery diet recommended for you, then ask when and how to return to a varied fibre-containing diet.

Arrange prompt medical assessment for new, persistent or worsening abdominal pain, particularly when it comes with fever, vomiting, marked tenderness, constipation or diarrhoea. Earlier review is sensible if you are pregnant, immunosuppressed, frail, or have recently had diverticulitis.

Seek emergency help for severe or rapidly worsening pain, a rigid or swollen abdomen, fainting, confusion, repeated vomiting with inability to keep fluids down, substantial rectal bleeding, or black stools. Do not try to manage these warning signs with dietary changes alone.

Ask how much fibre is appropriate for you, whether a supplement could help, and how quickly to change your diet. You can also review medicines that contribute to constipation and clarify which symptoms after a previous episode should trigger same-day assessment.