What to know about a 5-year copper coil

It works continuously without a daily action, but it does not protect against sexually transmitted infections. Condoms can provide that separate protection.

The label refers to the intended contraceptive lifespan of a particular copper intrauterine device, not a promise that every copper coil has the same replacement date. Models differ, so confirm the device name and the insertion or replacement date recorded by your clinic.

Copper interferes with sperm movement and fertilisation. Because the device contains no contraceptive hormone, menstrual bleeding may become heavier, longer or more crampy, especially after insertion. Your natural menstrual cycle continues.

Keep a record of the fitting date, device type and planned replacement date. Follow the clinician's instructions about feeling for the threads; they usually extend through the cervix into the upper vagina. Do not pull them.

Arrange a contraceptive review if you cannot feel the threads, they feel noticeably different, or you can feel hard plastic. Use condoms or avoid sex that could lead to pregnancy until the coil's position and contraceptive cover have been checked. Discuss replacement before its approved lifespan ends rather than waiting until after the recorded date.

Seek prompt medical assessment for severe or worsening lower abdominal pain, very heavy bleeding, fever, unusual or bad-smelling discharge, pain during sex, fainting, or a positive pregnancy test. Sudden pain with missing or changed threads can mean the device has moved and should be checked.

If pregnancy is possible, contact a clinician promptly. Get urgent help for one-sided pelvic pain, shoulder-tip pain, marked dizziness or collapse, because these can accompany an ectopic pregnancy. Do not try to remove the device yourself.

Ask which copper coil model you have, when it should be replaced, how to check its threads, and what bleeding pattern would be unexpected for you. If periods are already heavy or painful, ask how a copper coil may affect them and whether a hormonal coil or another method better fits your priorities.