How Zika is transmitted

Mosquito transmission occurs when a mosquito acquires the virus from an infected person and later bites someone else. This makes bite prevention important both while travelling and after returning from a place where Zika may circulate.

Sexual transmission can occur even when the infected person feels well. Pregnancy needs particular care because infection can be passed to the developing baby. Transmission through donated blood has also been a concern in some settings, which is why donation services may have their own screening rules.

Use mosquito repellent as directed, wear clothing that covers the arms and legs, and choose accommodation with screens, closed windows, or air conditioning where available. Remove or cover standing water around where you are staying when practical, because mosquitoes can breed there.

After travel with possible Zika exposure, discuss condoms or avoiding sex with a clinician if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or have a pregnant partner. Tell them where you travelled and when symptoms or bites occurred.

Arrange medical advice for fever, rash, joint pain, red eyes, or other illness after possible Zika exposure. Prompt advice is especially important in pregnancy or when a partner is pregnant or planning pregnancy.

Seek urgent care for confusion, seizures, severe weakness, trouble breathing, fainting, or a severe headache with neck stiffness. These symptoms require assessment even if Zika seems unlikely.

Ask whether your destination had a Zika risk during your visit, whether testing is appropriate, and what mosquito and sexual precautions apply to you. A travel timeline and details of anyone travelling with you can make the discussion more useful.