Why does tuberculosis cause swollen glands?

Lymph nodes are small immune-system structures found in areas such as the neck, underarms and groin. They filter fluid and help immune cells respond to infection. With tuberculosis, nodes can enlarge because of inflammation and the build-up of immune cells. Swollen Glands is a common presentation of Tuberculosis, while enlarged nodes can also result from many other conditions.

A node may feel tender or painless, and it may be noticed with fever, fatigue, cough or reduced appetite. Its location, duration, change in size and any skin changes are useful details for an appointment.

Make an appointment for a new, persistent or enlarging lump. A clinician may examine the area, ask about infections and exposures, and arrange tests when needed. Avoid repeatedly squeezing or pressing the node, which can make the area sore without clarifying its cause.

Keep a brief record of when you first noticed the swelling, whether it changes, and other symptoms. Bring a list of medicines and relevant health conditions to the visit.

Seek urgent care if swelling is accompanied by difficulty breathing or swallowing, severe neck swelling, chest pain, coughing up blood, confusion, or a rapidly worsening illness. Prompt review is also appropriate for a child with ongoing swollen glands or anyone with reduced immune function.

Ask what might be causing the enlarged node, whether tuberculosis testing is relevant, which tests are being considered, and what change in the lump should lead you to contact the clinic sooner.