Why does peripheral neuropathy cause numbness and tingling?

Peripheral nerves connect the brain and spinal cord with the skin, muscles, and internal tissues. When these nerves are damaged, messages may be weaker, delayed, or misfired. This can feel like pins and needles, burning, reduced feeling, sensitivity to touch, or a sensation of wearing a thin glove or sock.

Numbness and Tingling is a very common presentation of Peripheral Neuropathy. Symptoms often begin in the toes or fingers and may spread gradually, although patterns differ. Numbness and tingling also have other possible causes, such as pressure on a nerve, so a healthcare professional should consider the timing, distribution, and associated weakness or pain.

Book a medical assessment for new, persistent, or worsening numbness and tingling. Make a note of which areas are involved, whether symptoms affect both sides, any pain or weakness, and any change in balance. Bring details of medical conditions, alcohol intake, and all medicines or supplements, as these can guide the assessment.

Until you are assessed, protect numb areas from cuts, burns, and pressure. Check feet and hands for injuries you may not feel, use care around hot water and heaters, and choose stable footwear. Do not alter prescribed treatment without discussing it with the prescriber.

Seek emergency help for sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body, or if it occurs with facial drooping, trouble speaking, severe headache, confusion, loss of balance, or vision change. Obtain urgent assessment for rapidly worsening weakness, trouble walking, loss of bladder or bowel control, or a foot wound with spreading redness or fever.

What may be affecting my nerves? Does the distribution suggest peripheral neuropathy or a compressed nerve? Which blood tests or nerve tests might be useful? How can I protect numb areas, manage discomfort, and recognise worsening symptoms?