Why does ovarian cancer cause persistent abdominal pain?

Ovarian cancer can place pressure on the ovaries, pelvic lining, bowel, bladder, or nearby nerves. Fluid in the abdomen may stretch tissues and add a feeling of heaviness, bloating, or fullness. Pain can be aching, cramping, sharp, or felt in the lower abdomen, pelvis, or back. It may change with meals, movement, or urination. Persistent abdominal pain has many possible causes, including digestive, urinary, gynaecological, and musculoskeletal conditions, so the symptom alone does not establish a diagnosis.

Arrange a clinical review when abdominal pain does not settle, keeps returning, or affects eating, sleep, movement, or daily activities. Note the location, character, timing, triggers, menstrual pattern when relevant, bowel and bladder changes, and any swelling or appetite change. A clinician may examine the abdomen and pelvis and decide whether imaging, blood tests, or another assessment is needed. Use only pain relief that is suitable for you and check with a pharmacist or clinician if you take other medicines or have a long-term condition.

Seek urgent help for sudden severe pain, a hard or very tender abdomen, repeated vomiting, fainting, heavy unexpected bleeding, fever with marked illness, or inability to pass stool or gas. New breathing difficulty or rapidly worsening swelling also requires prompt assessment. Do not wait for a routine appointment when pain is severe or accompanied by these warning signs.

What conditions could explain the location and pattern of my pain? Do I need an abdominal or pelvic examination or scan? Which pain medicines are suitable with my health history? What symptoms should lead me to seek urgent help?