Why does middle ear infection cause ear discharge?

The middle ear is the small air-filled space behind the eardrum. During an infection, inflammation can block normal drainage through the tube linking the ear and back of the nose. Fluid may then collect, causing pressure and pain. If the eardrum opens, fluid can pass into the ear canal and appear as discharge.

Ear Discharge is a very common presentation of Middle Ear Infection. Discharge may also come from irritation of the ear canal, a skin condition, an injury, or a foreign object, so the appearance of fluid alone cannot identify the cause.

Keep the outer ear dry and gently wipe away fluid from the entrance of the ear without putting cotton buds, fingers, or drops inside unless prescribed. Arrange a clinical review, especially if discharge persists, has an unpleasant smell, or returns after improving. The clinician can examine the eardrum and decide whether treatment is needed.

Use pain relief only as directed on the label or by a clinician. Avoid swimming until you have received advice, because water can irritate an already inflamed ear.

Get urgent medical help for swelling or redness behind the ear, a severe headache, stiff neck, unusual drowsiness, dizziness with trouble walking, facial weakness, or a child who appears seriously unwell. Seek prompt advice as well after a head injury or when bloody discharge occurs.

Ask whether the eardrum looks intact, whether the discharge suggests infection in the middle ear or canal, and when it is safe to return to swimming or use ear drops.