Why does hiv infection cause swollen glands?

Glands usually refers to lymph nodes, small immune-system structures found in places such as the neck, armpits and groin. Nodes can enlarge while they filter material and organise an immune response. HIV can trigger this response, and swollen glands are a common presentation of HIV Infection. However, swollen lymph nodes also commonly occur with ordinary viral or bacterial infections and cannot establish the cause by themselves.

Notice where the swelling is, whether it is tender, whether it moves under the skin, and whether it changes over time. Do not repeatedly press or squeeze the area, as this can make it more sore. Arrange a medical review if swelling persists, grows, occurs in several areas, or comes with fever, rash, fatigue or weight change.

Seek urgent assessment for a rapidly enlarging swelling, trouble breathing or swallowing, severe neck stiffness, confusion, or a high fever with marked illness. Prompt medical advice is also appropriate when a node is hard, fixed, painless and persistent, or when symptoms are worsening.

Ask what may be causing the swollen nodes, whether an examination or blood tests are needed, and what changes should prompt a sooner review. If HIV exposure is a concern, ask which testing option and timing are appropriate for you.