Why does genital warts cause vulval lump?

Genital warts may look like one small bump, several separate bumps, or a group with a rough or uneven surface. They can be skin-coloured or slightly different in shade and may occur on the outer vulva, around the vaginal opening, or nearby skin. Some cause itching, irritation, bleeding after rubbing, or no discomfort at all. A vulval lump is not specific to genital warts: blocked glands, cysts, skin tags, irritation, and other conditions can look similar. Examination is needed when the appearance is new or uncertain.

Book an appointment for a new, changing, or persistent lump. A clinician can inspect the area and decide whether testing or a small sample is needed. Avoid squeezing, cutting, or shaving over the lump, and do not use ordinary hand or foot wart treatments on genital skin. Keep the area comfortable with gentle washing and loose underwear. Until you have advice, consider avoiding sexual contact with affected skin; condoms reduce but do not remove the possibility of HPV spread.

Seek prompt assessment if the lump grows quickly, becomes very painful, ulcerates, bleeds without rubbing, produces discharge, or is accompanied by fever. Arrange medical review if you are pregnant or have reduced immunity. A lump that is hard, fixed, or persistently different from surrounding skin also deserves examination rather than self-treatment.

Does this lump look like a genital wart or another vulval condition? Do I need an examination, test, or biopsy? Which treatments fit its location and size? How should I protect a partner, and should we discuss HPV vaccination?