Why does G6PD deficiency cause jaundice?

Jaundice is a common presentation of G6PD Deficiency. Red blood cells normally carry oxygen and are replaced as they age. In G6PD deficiency, oxidative stress can make them break down suddenly. Bilirubin is produced during this breakdown. When bilirubin builds up, the whites of the eyes and skin may look yellow.

Haemolysis can be triggered by an infection, certain medicines, particular foods or chemical exposures in people with G6PD deficiency. Jaundice also occurs for reasons unrelated to G6PD deficiency, including liver and bile-duct conditions, so it needs medical assessment rather than self-diagnosis.

Contact a clinician promptly if you or your child develops yellow eyes or skin and has known or possible G6PD deficiency. Record recent illnesses, medicines, supplements, foods and chemical exposures, as these details can guide the assessment. Keep drinking fluids if you can and follow any written plan you have been given for possible haemolysis.

Tell all healthcare professionals and pharmacists about G6PD deficiency before accepting new medicines. A clinician can review the likely trigger and decide whether blood or urine tests are needed.

Seek urgent medical care for jaundice with dark urine, marked paleness, severe tiredness, dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath, chest pain, fast heartbeat, fever, severe pain, confusion or reduced urine output. New jaundice in a baby or child needs prompt assessment. These features may signal substantial red blood cell breakdown or another urgent cause of jaundice.

Ask whether haemolysis is occurring, whether bilirubin and blood count tests are needed, what may have triggered the episode, and which medicines, foods or chemicals should be avoided. Share a complete list of medicines and supplements used recently.