Why does food poisoning cause vomiting?

Vomiting is a very common presentation of Food Poisoning. The stomach and upper intestine sense irritation or substances that may be harmful, then communicate with the brain's vomiting centre. The coordinated muscle contractions that follow empty stomach contents. Nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhoea, fever and tiredness may occur alongside it, depending on the cause.

Vomiting itself does not identify the cause. It can also occur with viral illnesses, migraine, medicines, pregnancy and other digestive problems. The timing of symptoms, recent meals, travel, sick contacts and any diarrhoea help a clinician assess the situation.

Take small, frequent sips of water or an oral rehydration drink rather than drinking a large amount at once. When fluids stay down, try bland foods in small portions as appetite returns. Rest and avoid alcohol. Wash hands carefully and avoid preparing food for other people while you are unwell.

Do not force food if nausea is strong. A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether an anti-nausea medicine is suitable for you, especially if you are pregnant, have a long-term condition or take regular medicines.

Seek urgent medical assessment if you cannot keep fluids down, have signs of dehydration such as very little urine, feel faint or confused, have severe or worsening abdominal pain, blood in vomit or stool, a stiff neck, or breathing difficulty. Infants, older adults, pregnant people and people with weakened immunity may need earlier advice. Get help if vomiting continues or you are concerned about your condition.

Ask what may be causing the illness, whether dehydration needs treatment, which drinks and foods are appropriate, and whether your medicines should be adjusted while you are vomiting. Mention recent meals, travel, antibiotic use and anyone else who became unwell.