Why does epilepsy cause fainting?

A person may fall, become unresponsive, or have a period of confusion afterwards. Not every seizure looks the same, and not every blackout is a seizure.

A seizure is a burst of unusual electrical activity in the brain. Depending on the brain area involved, it can interrupt awareness, alter movement, or cause the body to suddenly go limp. Fainting is a common presentation of Epilepsy.

Ordinary fainting, also called syncope, commonly involves a temporary reduction in blood flow to the brain and has different causes. Details such as warning symptoms, movements, colour change, recovery time, and confusion afterwards help a clinician tell these events apart.

If someone collapses or has a seizure, help them to the floor if possible, cushion their head, move hazards away, and loosen tight clothing around the neck. Time the event and stay with them until they are fully alert.

Do not hold them down, put anything in their mouth, or offer food, drink, or medicine until they are awake and able to swallow safely.

Call emergency services if a seizure lasts longer than a few minutes, another seizure follows without recovery, breathing is difficult, an injury occurs, the person is pregnant, or this is their first seizure. A new unexplained blackout also needs prompt medical assessment.

Ask what features point toward a seizure or another cause of collapse, whether tests are needed, and how family members should respond if another episode occurs. Bring a witness account when available.