Why does endometrial polyps cause bleeding between periods?

An endometrial polyp is a growth attached to the inner lining of the womb. Its surface may contain fragile blood vessels, so it can bleed when the lining changes during a cycle or after contact such as sex. A polyp may cause spotting, bleeding between periods, heavier periods, or bleeding after menopause.

Bleeding between periods has other possible causes, including hormonal changes, contraception, infection, pregnancy-related conditions, and other womb problems. The symptom alone cannot confirm a polyp.

Arrange a medical appointment if the bleeding is unexplained, repeated, or occurs after sex. Write down when it happens, how long it lasts, how much blood you see, and whether you have pain or unusual discharge. A clinician may perform an examination and use ultrasound or a camera test of the womb to look for a polyp. If a polyp is removed, the tissue may be examined.

Seek urgent care if bleeding is heavy, you feel faint or very weak, or you have severe pelvic pain. Bleeding during pregnancy and any bleeding after menopause also need prompt medical advice.

Ask whether a polyp is visible, which test would clarify the cause, whether removal is appropriate, and what symptoms should prompt earlier review.