Why does COVID-19 cause headache?

During an infection, immune signalling can make pain pathways more sensitive. A blocked nose, coughing, reduced fluid intake, screen time while resting, and tense neck or scalp muscles may add to the discomfort. Headache is a common presentation of COVID-19, but it is not specific to COVID-19; migraine, tension-type headache, sinus symptoms, medicines, and many illnesses can also cause it. Notice where it hurts, how it feels, and whether it changes with movement, light, fluids, or fever.

Sip water or oral fluids, rest in a dim and quiet room, and take breaks from phones or computers. Gentle food and sleep may help if you have been eating or sleeping poorly. If you use pain relief, follow the label and check with a pharmacist or clinician if you are pregnant, have a medical condition, or use regular medicines. Avoid taking more than one product with the same active ingredient.

Seek urgent medical help for a sudden, extremely severe headache, a headache after a head injury, or pain with confusion, fainting, weakness, trouble speaking, a seizure, or a stiff neck. Urgent assessment is also needed if you have severe eye pain or a new change in vision. Contact a clinician if the headache keeps worsening, does not improve with ordinary measures, or occurs with concerning COVID-19 symptoms such as breathing difficulty.

Ask whether your pattern suggests a primary headache or illness-related headache, which pain-relief options fit your health history, and when you should be examined.