Why can cervical polyps cause bleeding after sex?

A cervical polyp is a small growth arising from the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Its position means friction during sex can irritate the polyp and cause spotting on toilet paper, underwear, or a condom. The amount may be small, and it may stop without treatment, but the pattern still deserves attention if it returns.

Most cervical polyps are not cancerous, yet bleeding after sex can also occur with cervical inflammation, infection, vaginal dryness, changes on the cervix, or other gynaecological conditions. A clinician may look at the cervix and decide whether testing or removal is appropriate.

Arrange an appointment with a gynaecologist or primary-care clinician if the bleeding is new, repeated, or unexplained. Record when it occurs, how long it lasts, whether it follows penetration every time, and whether you also have pain, unusual discharge, itching, or bleeding between periods. Until you are assessed, pause any activity that repeatedly triggers bleeding if it is uncomfortable.

Do not try to pull or remove a suspected polyp yourself. If a polyp is seen, a clinician can discuss examination, testing for infection when relevant, and removal in an appropriate setting.

Seek urgent medical help if bleeding is heavy or ongoing, or if it comes with severe pelvic pain, faintness, marked weakness, fever, or feeling very unwell. If you are pregnant or could be pregnant, bleeding with pain or dizziness needs prompt assessment. These features can point to a problem that needs attention beyond a cervical polyp.

You could ask: Could a cervical polyp explain the timing and amount of bleeding? Do I need an examination or infection testing? Should the polyp be removed or watched? When should I return if bleeding happens again?