Why do blocked fallopian tubes cause trouble getting pregnant?

After ovulation, an egg enters a fallopian tube. Sperm travel through the reproductive tract toward the tube, where fertilisation may occur. The tube then helps move the early embryo toward the uterus. Scar tissue, previous infection, endometriosis, or surgery can narrow or close a tube and disrupt one or more of these steps.

A blockage may affect one tube or both, and it may be partial or complete. Trouble conceiving does not by itself show that the tubes are blocked; ovulation, sperm health, age, and other factors can also affect fertility. Testing is needed to clarify the cause.

Record how long you have been trying to conceive, your cycle pattern, previous pelvic infections or surgery, and any pelvic pain. A fertility clinician may suggest imaging or another test to assess the tubes and may also evaluate ovulation and sperm. Treatment depends on the location and extent of blockage and your wider fertility picture.

Book a fertility assessment if conception has not occurred after a period of trying, or sooner if you have a history of pelvic infection, endometriosis, tubal surgery, or significant pelvic pain. Seek urgent care for sudden severe pelvic pain, fainting, or heavy bleeding, especially with a positive pregnancy test.

Ask which test can assess tubal openness, whether one or both tubes may be involved, and how the result changes treatment choices. Ask whether your partner should have a semen assessment and what symptoms require urgent attention.