Why does a Bartholin cyst cause vulval pain?

A Bartholin gland normally releases a small amount of lubricating fluid through a narrow duct near the vaginal opening. If that duct is blocked, fluid accumulates and expands the gland. The resulting pressure can irritate sensitive tissue, making sitting, walking, or sexual activity uncomfortable.

Pain that becomes intense or throbbing may indicate an abscess, particularly when the skin is red or warm. Fever, chills, pus, and rapidly increasing swelling support concern about infection. Vulval pain can have other causes too, so the symptom alone cannot identify its source.

Avoid pressing or puncturing the swelling. Loose underwear, reduced friction, and warm water soaks may provide comfort. Arrange an examination if pain persists, interferes with daily activities, or keeps returning. Depending on the findings, a clinician may discuss drainage or other treatment and explain how to keep the area comfortable.

Seek prompt care for severe or worsening pain, a hot or red swelling, fever, chills, pus, or difficulty walking or sitting. Contact a clinician about a new painful lump that does not settle. If you feel faint, confused, or seriously unwell, seek urgent medical help.

You could ask whether the pain is from a cyst or abscess, whether drainage is needed, how to manage discomfort safely, and which changes should prompt urgent review. Ask what can be done if similar pain returns.