Why does bacterial vaginosis cause vaginal discharge?

Vaginal Discharge is a very common presentation of Bacterial Vaginosis. The vagina normally contains many types of bacteria in a changing balance. With bacterial vaginosis, that balance shifts. The altered bacterial activity can make discharge more noticeable, often with a thin or watery texture and a white or grey appearance. An odour may be stronger after sex or during a period.

Discharge alone cannot identify its cause. Thrush, sexually transmitted infections, irritation, and normal cycle changes can look different or overlap. Bacterial vaginosis is not diagnosed by appearance alone, so an examination or a sample may be needed.

Arrange a clinical assessment if the discharge is new, persistent, bothersome, or accompanied by odour or irritation. A clinician can choose treatment based on your symptoms and examination. Take prescribed treatment exactly as directed and avoid using scented washes, douches, or deodorants inside the vagina, since these can further irritate the area.

Until the cause is clear, condoms can reduce exposure to some infections. Do not assume that an over-the-counter thrush treatment will help, because different conditions need different treatment.

Seek prompt advice for discharge with pelvic pain, pain during sex, bleeding between periods, fever, sores, or pain when passing urine. Arrange testing soon after possible exposure to a sexually transmitted infection, and tell the clinician if you are pregnant.

Does the discharge fit bacterial vaginosis or another condition? Do I need a vaginal sample or infection testing? Which treatment should I use, and what should I avoid while the area heals?