Why does acne cause blackheads?

Blackheads are open comedones. Acne can increase oil production and alter how cells are shed inside hair follicles. The oil, shed cells and other debris gather into a plug. Because the pore opening is exposed, the plug reacts with air and appears dark; the colour is not simply dirt. Blackheads is a very common presentation of Acne, and a blackhead can occur without redness or tenderness.

Squeezing can push material deeper, irritate the follicle and leave a mark. New blackheads may continue to appear when oil and cell build-up remain active, even after one plug is removed.

Wash gently with a mild cleanser and lukewarm water, avoiding scrubbing brushes and harsh astringents. A clinician may suggest a topical retinoid to normalize cell shedding, or another treatment suited to your skin. Apply products as directed and introduce irritating products cautiously. Non-comedogenic moisturiser and sunscreen can support the skin barrier. Give a treatment time to work rather than repeatedly extracting lesions at home.

Arrange a dermatology review if blackheads persist despite a consistent routine, cover many areas, or occur with painful deep spots, scarring or marked inflammation. Seek prompt advice for a rapidly changing, bleeding or crusted spot that does not behave like your usual acne.

Could these spots be open comedones, and which treatment fits my skin? How should I combine acne treatment with moisturiser and sunscreen? What should I do if irritation or dark marks develop?