Which specialist treats shoulder instability?

Instability means the shoulder joint moves excessively or feels as though it may slip out, sometimes after a dislocation or repeated injury. Assessment covers the first event, episodes of slipping, shoulder strength, range of motion, and the demands of work or sport. Popping or clicking can occur for several reasons and does not by itself prove instability. The clinician may also consider a labral injury, ligament laxity, rotator cuff problem, or arthritis.

Book an orthopaedic shoulder or sports medicine assessment, especially if the shoulder has dislocated, repeatedly slipped, or limits overhead activity. Physiotherapy usually focuses on shoulder-blade control, rotator cuff strength, joint-position awareness, and safe movement habits. Avoid positions that repeatedly provoke slipping until assessed. Shoulder stabilisation surgery may be discussed when instability recurs, structural damage is present, or a carefully supervised rehabilitation plan has not restored reliable function.

Go to an emergency department if the shoulder appears out of place, pain is severe after an injury, or you cannot move the arm normally. Seek urgent help if the hand becomes numb, weak, cold, or changes colour. Do not try to force a dislocated shoulder back into position. A shoulder that repeatedly slips needs timely specialist review even if it returns to place on its own.

Ask what may be causing the instability, whether imaging is needed, and which positions to avoid. Discuss the goals and duration of rehabilitation, how return to sport will be tested, and what findings would make stabilisation surgery reasonable.