What causes rotator cuff tear?

The rotator cuff is a group of tendons that helps centre and move the shoulder. A fall onto the arm, a forceful lift, or a sudden pull can injure a tendon. Repeated overhead work, throwing, or lifting can also expose the tendons to load without enough recovery. Over time, tendon tissue may become less resilient, and [Rotator Cuff Tendinitis](/conditions/rotator-cuff-tendinitis/) can add pain and alter shoulder movement.

A tear may be partial or extend through the tendon. Pain, weakness, night discomfort, and difficulty reaching overhead can occur, but symptoms vary. A clinical examination can compare strength and movement; imaging may be considered when the result would change treatment. Read more about [Rotator Cuff Tear](/conditions/rotator-cuff-tear/).

Avoid the specific lift or overhead motion that sharply increases pain, but keep the elbow, wrist, and shoulder moving gently within a tolerable range. Do not repeatedly test strength through severe pain. A physiotherapist can build a staged programme for shoulder control and strength. Treatment choices depend on tear size, onset, strength loss, work or sport demands, and response to rehabilitation.

Arrange an assessment for persistent shoulder pain, new weakness, difficulty lifting the arm, or symptoms that disturb sleep. Seek prompt care after a fall or sudden injury if the arm cannot be raised, the shoulder looks deformed, or severe swelling, numbness, or colour change develops.

Ask which tendon may be involved, whether weakness suggests a tear, whether imaging is needed, what rehabilitation can safely begin, and which movements should be paused.