What are the risk factors for sciatica?

Sciatica occurs when nerve roots in the lower back, or the sciatic nerve pathway, become irritated or compressed. A herniated disc may press on a nerve root. Lumbar spondylosis and spinal stenosis can reduce space around the nerves as the spine changes over time. Spondylolisthesis, in which one vertebra shifts relative to another, can also narrow that space.

Repeated bending and lifting, twisting under load, prolonged sitting, vibration, and poor conditioning may make symptoms more likely or harder to settle. Piriformis syndrome is a less common pathway involving irritation near the buttock. These risk factors do not identify the exact cause of an individual episode; examination is needed when symptoms persist or are severe.

Keep gently moving within tolerable limits and avoid bed rest for long periods. Break up sitting, use safe lifting mechanics, and build trunk, hip and leg strength gradually. A physiotherapist can match exercises to your symptoms and check whether walking, bending or nerve tension is contributing. During a flare, reduce heavy lifting and repeated twisting while maintaining comfortable daily activity.

Arrange a clinical assessment for persistent pain travelling from the back or buttock into the leg, tingling, numbness, or weakness. Seek emergency care for new loss of bladder or bowel control, numbness around the saddle area, rapidly worsening leg weakness, or symptoms in both legs. Fever, unexplained weight loss, major trauma or a history of cancer also warrants prompt review.

Ask which structure may be irritating the nerve, whether strength and reflexes are normal, and which movements to limit temporarily. Discuss a graded exercise plan and the warning signs that should bring you back sooner.