What should you know about very stiff shoulders?

Frozen Shoulder can present with pain followed by increasing restriction in several directions, including reaching behind the back. Shoulder Osteoarthritis may cause aching, grinding, and reduced movement as the joint changes. Rotator Cuff Tear can make active lifting difficult, particularly after a fall or sudden pull, while the shoulder may move farther when someone else supports the arm. Shoulder Stiffness can also follow an injury, surgery, or a period of keeping the arm still.

Compare active movement with assisted movement, and note whether pain, weakness, clicking, swelling, or night symptoms are present. A clinician uses these clues with an examination rather than judging the cause from stiffness alone.

Move the shoulder gently and regularly within a comfortable range. Keep commonly used items at waist or chest height, vary tasks, and support the arm in a comfortable sleeping position. Warmth may ease tightness before movement; a wrapped cool pack can soothe soreness after activity. Avoid forcing a painful stretch or testing strength with heavy lifting.

Arrange assessment when stiffness interferes with dressing, washing, work, or sleep, or when movement is steadily declining. Physiotherapy may focus on mobility, posture, and gradual strengthening after the cause is understood.

Seek urgent care after a fall or blow if the shoulder looks out of place, you cannot use the arm, or pain is severe. Get prompt medical help for a hot swollen joint with fever, sudden arm weakness, or new numbness. Routine assessment is sensible for persistent restriction, recurring pain, or symptoms that wake you repeatedly.

Is the limitation coming from the joint or the rotator cuff? Which movements are safe while it is painful? Would an exercise programme, imaging, or injection be appropriate? What recovery changes should I report?