Very sore throat: what should you know?

Viral illnesses such as the Common Cold, Influenza or COVID-19 can inflame the throat and may bring cough, fever, tiredness or a runny nose. Tonsillitis can cause swollen tonsils, painful swallowing and sometimes visible patches. Strep Throat is a bacterial cause that may produce marked throat pain and fever without the usual cold symptoms. Glandular Fever can cause prolonged throat symptoms with pronounced fatigue and swollen neck glands. Acid Reflux may irritate the throat, especially after meals or overnight, while Allergic Rhinitis can lead to dryness and irritation from mouth breathing.

Sip cool or warm fluids according to what feels soothing, choose soft foods, and rest your voice. Gargling with warm salt water may ease irritation for adults who can gargle safely. Avoid smoke and other throat irritants. A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether an appropriate pain reliever is suitable for you, taking account of pregnancy, allergies, stomach problems and other medicines. Do not share antibiotics or use leftover tablets; they do not treat viral causes.

Seek emergency help for difficulty breathing, drooling because swallowing is not possible, a muffled voice, rapidly increasing swelling, or inability to open the mouth normally. Arrange prompt clinical advice for severe one-sided pain, dehydration, a persistent high temperature, a rash, or symptoms that are worsening rather than settling. Assessment is also sensible when recurrent sore throats interfere with eating, drinking, sleep or work.

Could this be viral, bacterial, reflux-related or linked to nasal allergy? Do my tonsils, neck glands or hydration need checking? Which pain-relief options fit my medical history, and what changes should prompt a review?