VEGF immunohistochemistry: what should you know?

A pathologist applies an antibody to a tissue section. If the antibody binds to VEGF, a laboratory detection system creates a visible stain. The pathologist records where the stain appears and how it is distributed in the cells or surrounding tissue.

VEGF staining may be used as part of a broader tumour assessment, but it is not a stand-alone cancer diagnosis. A report can describe intensity or extent of staining, yet those words need interpretation for the specific tumour type and laboratory method. Treatment decisions may require imaging, other pathology findings or additional tests.

Ask why VEGF was tested and whether the result changes your diagnosis, prognosis discussion or treatment plan. Request an explanation of terms such as positive, negative, weak, strong or focal in the context of your report.

The test is generally performed on tissue from a biopsy or operation rather than as a separate blood test. Keep the pathology report and ask whether another marker or test is needed before a decision is made.

VEGF staining does not itself cause symptoms. If the sample came from a biopsy, seek prompt advice for fever, increasing redness, drainage, severe pain or persistent bleeding. Contact the clinic if you have not received the planned explanation of your result.

Ask what VEGF means in your cancer type, how the stain was scored, whether the sample was sufficient and how the finding connects with other pathology results. Ask which treatment choices depend on the whole assessment rather than this stain alone.