How do you get ulcerative colitis?

There is no single cause that explains every case. The immune system can react inappropriately to signals in the gut, producing inflammation in the colon and rectum. A family tendency may increase susceptibility, while surroundings, the gut microbiome, and other exposures may influence when symptoms appear. These factors interact, so having a relative with the condition does not mean you will develop it.

Ulcerative colitis is not contagious, and it is not something you catch from another person. It is also not a condition caused by a single meal or a personal choice. Abdominal pain or diarrhoea can occur for many reasons and should be assessed in context.

If you have ongoing diarrhoea, urgency, bleeding, abdominal pain, or unexplained tiredness, arrange a GP Consultation. Write down when symptoms started, how they change, recent medicines, travel, infections, family bowel history, and any weight or appetite change. This information helps a clinician separate inflammatory bowel disease from other explanations.

Do not blame yourself or attempt an extreme elimination diet to find a cause. Maintain fluids and regular nourishment while awaiting advice. Once assessed, follow the treatment and monitoring plan offered to you.

Seek urgent assessment for heavy rectal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, a swollen abdomen, repeated vomiting, faintness, confusion, inability to keep fluids down, or very little urine. Fever with a rapid deterioration also needs prompt care. These signs indicate possible complications or significant dehydration and should not be explained away as a normal flare.

Ask whether your symptoms fit inflammatory bowel disease, which tests can clarify the cause, whether your family history changes follow-up, and how to maintain nutrition while symptoms are investigated. If ulcerative colitis is confirmed, ask when colorectal cancer screening should be discussed.