Tetanus after a dog bite: what to know

Tetanus is an illness caused by bacteria entering damaged skin and producing a toxin that affects the nervous system. A bite can create a puncture or crushed tissue where germs are difficult to remove. The dog bite itself does not diagnose tetanus, and most bites do not lead to it; the concern is whether the wound and your vaccination history leave you needing additional protection.

A clinician may ask when your last tetanus-containing vaccine was given, whether you completed an earlier course, and whether the wound is deep, contaminated, or difficult to clean. They may also examine tendons, nerves, circulation, and signs of local infection.

Wash your hands, then rinse the bite under running water and gently clean around it with soap. Cover it with a clean dressing. Do not close a deep or puncture wound yourself, and avoid putting irritants into the wound.

Seek same-day medical advice for a bite that breaks the skin. Take any vaccination record you have and describe the dog, the circumstances, and whether the animal can be observed. A clinician may recommend a tetanus vaccine or other preventive treatment based on the wound and your history. Read more about [Tetanus Vaccination](/treatments/preventive-care-and-vaccination/tetanus-vaccination/).

Go urgently if bleeding does not settle with firm pressure, the bite is on the face, hand, foot, or near a joint, or you cannot move the area normally. Get prompt help for spreading redness, increasing swelling, pus, fever, or worsening pain.

Seek emergency care for trouble swallowing, severe muscle stiffness or spasms, breathing difficulty, confusion, or a rapidly worsening illness. These symptoms need assessment regardless of how common tetanus is.

Ask whether your wound needs closure, antibiotics, a tetanus booster, or tetanus immune globulin. Confirm what symptoms should trigger review, when to change the dressing, and whether the dog’s health or vaccination information changes rabies advice.