Swollen, sore hand: what to know

Pain after lifting, typing, sport, or repetitive gripping can reflect an irritated tendon or strained soft tissue. Bruising, focal tenderness, or pain after a fall raises concern for an injury, including a wrist fracture; a distal radius fracture may cause hand and wrist swelling after impact. Aching and stiffness in several joints can occur with inflammatory arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis commonly presents with swollen, tender joints and stiffness after rest. Redness, heat, worsening tenderness, a wound, or fever may point to infection. Tingling or weakness suggests that swelling may be affecting a nerve and should be assessed rather than watched indefinitely.

Take a break from the activity that worsens symptoms and keep the hand raised when resting. Remove rings before swelling increases. A wrapped cool pack can be used briefly after a recent strain or bump; protect the skin and stop if numbness develops. Keep the fingers gently moving within a comfortable range unless a clinician has advised immobilisation. Do not force a painful joint, massage an area that is hot and red, or use a tight splint without guidance. Record triggers, changes in swelling, and any loss of sensation.

Get urgent help for a deformed hand, severe or rapidly increasing pain, a blue or cold hand, new numbness, marked weakness, or inability to move the fingers. Fever, spreading redness, pus, or severe warmth needs prompt assessment. Arrange an appointment when symptoms follow an injury, interfere with sleep or daily tasks, or continue despite rest. Repeated swelling also warrants review to look for an underlying joint or tendon problem.

Which structure seems to be causing the pain? Should I have an X-ray or another test? Is a support useful, and for how long? Which exercises are safe while the hand settles?