How to stop cholera

Cholera is an intestinal infection that can cause sudden, large-volume watery diarrhoea and vomiting. The main danger is rapid loss of water and salts, which can lead to dehydration and shock. The diarrhoea itself may be painless, so the amount of fluid lost can be underestimated. A suspected case needs assessment because symptoms overlap with other infections, and treatment depends on the person’s age, hydration, ability to drink, and local clinical advice.

Use a correctly prepared oral rehydration solution and give frequent small sips; follow the packet instructions exactly. Continue breastfeeding if relevant and offer suitable food as tolerated. Do not delay care while trying home remedies, and do not use anti-diarrhoeal medicine or antibiotics unless a clinician advises it. If the person cannot drink, keeps vomiting, or is becoming weak, medical staff may need to give IV fluid therapy. Wash hands with soap after toileting and before preparing food, use safe water, and clean contaminated surfaces.

Seek urgent medical help for profuse watery diarrhoea, repeated vomiting, intense thirst, very little urine, dry mouth, dizziness, sunken eyes, unusual sleepiness, confusion, cold hands or feet, or fainting. Children, older adults, pregnant people, and anyone with another serious illness can become dehydrated quickly. Keep taking small sips during the journey if the person is alert and able to swallow.

Ask how severe the dehydration is, whether oral rehydration therapy is enough, when IV fluid therapy is needed, and whether testing or antibiotics are appropriate. Ask how to protect household members from contaminated water or food.