Simple incision and drainage: what you should know

An abscess is a contained pocket of pus beneath the skin. A clinician checks its size and position, cleans the skin, and may use lidocaine local anaesthetic to numb the area. A small opening allows the collection to drain; the cavity may be gently cleaned and sometimes left with a dressing or packing so fluid can continue to leave. Pressure and throbbing often ease as drainage occurs, although tenderness can remain.

Incision and drainage treats the collection, but surrounding cellulitis or another skin infection may need separate treatment. Never cut, squeeze, or puncture an abscess at home.

Follow the dressing instructions and wash your hands before and after touching the area. Keep the wound clean and attend any planned review for packing removal or a dressing change. Take prescribed medicines exactly as directed. Do not share towels, and avoid rubbing or squeezing the wound. Ask how to manage discomfort and when normal activity is suitable for its location.

Contact a clinician promptly if redness spreads, pain becomes much worse, pus increases, the wound smells unpleasant, or you develop fever or feel markedly unwell. Emergency assessment is needed for rapidly spreading swelling, severe weakness, confusion, or trouble breathing. People with diabetes, reduced immunity, or poor circulation should seek advice early because healing may need closer supervision.

Ask whether the lump is an abscess, boil, or another problem; whether a sample is needed; how to change the dressing; and when to return. Discuss recurrence prevention if similar collections have happened before.