What should you know about seminoma diagnosis?

A lump, change in size, heaviness, or discomfort in a testicle can lead to an assessment, but these symptoms have several possible causes. The examination is followed by imaging, commonly an ultrasound, to look at the testicles and nearby structures.

Blood tests may measure tumour markers before and after treatment. The final diagnosis is based on the tumour's microscopic appearance, supported by laboratory tests when needed. Scans help show whether disease is present beyond the original site; they do not replace tissue assessment when tissue is available.

Keep the imaging and blood-test appointments and tell the team about medicines, previous operations, and fertility goals. Ask how quickly results will be available and who will explain them. If surgery is advised, its purpose may include removing the affected testicle and obtaining tissue for diagnosis and staging.

The care plan can include surveillance, surgery, chemotherapy, or another combination based on the complete assessment. Background information about [Tumour Removal Surgery](/treatments/surgical-oncology/tumour-removal-surgery/) and [Chemotherapy](/treatments/systemic-therapy/chemotherapy/) can help you prepare for discussion.

Get urgent help for sudden, intense testicular pain, a painful swollen scrotum, fainting, or difficulty breathing. During investigation or treatment, report fever, worsening pain, inability to keep fluids down, or a rapidly enlarging swelling without waiting for the next routine visit.

Ask what each scan and marker result shows, whether tissue confirmation is required, and how staging will be completed. Clarify whether treatment affects fertility, whether sperm storage should be discussed before treatment, how results will be shared, and what follow-up schedule is recommended.