Second-degree sunburn treatment: what to know

A blistering sunburn is more than simple redness: ultraviolet exposure has injured deeper skin, producing warmth, swelling, tenderness and fluid-filled blisters. Peeling can follow as damaged surface cells shed. The affected area may be especially sensitive to friction and further sunlight. Sunburn does not always show its full severity immediately, so worsening pain, swelling or blistering deserves attention. Repeated ultraviolet injury also contributes to sun-damaged skin over time.

Move indoors or into shade, take a cool shower or use cool damp cloths, drink fluids and wear loose clothing. Leave blisters intact; if one opens, wash gently, pat dry and cover it with a clean non-stick dressing. Avoid ice, petroleum products on fresh blistered skin, scrubbing and further sun exposure. A clinician may advise emollient therapy after the acute heat and tenderness settle. Do not start topical corticosteroids unless a clinician recommends them for your situation.

Seek medical care for extensive blistering, severe pain, signs of infection, dehydration, fever, vomiting, faintness, confusion, eye pain or a burn involving the face or genitals. Get urgent help for breathing difficulty or altered alertness. Children, older adults and people with serious medical conditions may need earlier assessment. Keep any opened blister covered while arranging advice.

Ask how deep the burn appears, how to dress the blisters, which pain medicines are appropriate for you, and when you can safely return to outdoor activities.