Screening tests for chlamydia and gonorrhoea

A clinician may use a urine sample or a swab from the vagina, cervix, throat, or rectum, depending on sexual contact and symptoms. The correct sampling sites matter because an infection can be present in one site without causing obvious symptoms elsewhere. Chlamydia and gonorrhoea can both be symptom-free, so feeling well does not exclude infection.

Possible symptoms include painful urination, unusual vaginal discharge, bleeding between periods, pelvic discomfort, testicular pain, or throat symptoms. Symptoms do not prove which infection is present, and a positive test needs medical advice about treatment and partner notification. Untreated infection can contribute to pelvic inflammatory disease.

Tell the clinician when possible exposure occurred, which body sites were involved, whether you have symptoms, and whether pregnancy is possible. Follow the instructions for collecting a sample and ask when results are expected. Avoid sex or use condoms as advised while waiting for results or treatment. If a result is positive, take the prescribed treatment exactly as directed, ensure recent partners receive appropriate advice, and ask whether follow-up testing is needed. Do not share antibiotics or use leftover medicine.

Arrange prompt assessment for pelvic or lower abdominal pain, fever, pain during sex, unusual bleeding, painful urination, genital sores, testicular swelling, or a new discharge. Seek urgent help for severe pelvic or testicular pain, fainting, heavy bleeding, or feeling acutely unwell. If you have had a known exposure, do not wait for symptoms before arranging STI screening.

Which body sites should be tested based on my contact? When should I test after a possible exposure? How will I receive the result? If it is positive, what treatment and partner advice are needed? Should I also be tested for other infections?