Scarlet Fever Inoculation: What to Know

Scarlet fever is caused by certain strains of group A Streptococcus, usually starting in the throat. It is not prevented by a standard scarlet fever vaccine. A person can develop illness after close contact with respiratory droplets or saliva from an infected person. Watch for [Fever](/symptoms/fever/), [Sore Throat](/symptoms/sore-throat/), swollen neck glands and a rough rash. The absence of an inoculation does not mean there are no useful precautions, and it does not mean every exposure leads to infection.

Wash hands with soap and water, cover coughs and sneezes, and avoid sharing cups, utensils or towels. Keep someone with active symptoms away from close group contact until a clinician gives return-to-school or work advice. Arrange medical assessment for a sore throat with fever or rash; [Strep Throat](/conditions/strep-throat/) can have overlapping features. If [Antibiotic Treatment](/treatments/medical-management/antibiotic-treatment/) is prescribed, complete the plan as directed and do not save remaining doses for later.

Seek urgent help if breathing becomes difficult, swallowing liquids is not possible, the person is unusually sleepy or confused, or dehydration is developing. Contact a clinician promptly for fever with a new rash, worsening throat pain or tender [Swollen Glands](/symptoms/swollen-glands/). Routine vaccination questions can be discussed separately from assessment of a current illness; do not delay care while looking for an inoculation.

Is there a vaccine relevant to this illness or another throat infection? Could these symptoms be scarlet fever? How can household spread be reduced? When is treatment and return to normal activities appropriate?