What should you know about scarlatina fever?

Scarlatina is usually linked to group A Streptococcus, the bacterium that can also cause a form of sore throat. The rash may feel like fine sandpaper and can be more noticeable in skin folds. A flushed face with paler skin around the mouth, a coated or bright-red tongue, swollen neck glands, headache, chills or stomach upset may occur. The rash can fade as the illness settles, followed by peeling skin, especially on the hands or feet.

It spreads through respiratory droplets and close contact, including shared utensils or cups. A fever and rash can have several causes, so an examination and, when appropriate, a throat test help distinguish scarlatina from viral illnesses such as [Chickenpox](/conditions/chickenpox/) or [Common Cold](/conditions/common-cold/).

Arrange a medical review if scarlatina is suspected, particularly when a child has fever with a sore throat and rash. If a clinician prescribes an antibiotic, give it exactly as directed and complete the prescribed course unless the clinician changes the plan. Offer frequent fluids, rest and soft foods if swallowing hurts. Use fever or pain medicine only as directed for the person’s age and medical situation; never give children aspirin unless a clinician specifically advises it.

Wash hands, cover coughs and avoid sharing cups, cutlery, towels or toothbrushes. Keep the unwell person away from school, nursery or close-contact activities until a clinician confirms it is appropriate to return and the fever has settled. Clean frequently touched surfaces and seek advice if symptoms are not improving.

Seek urgent medical help for trouble breathing, inability to swallow fluids, drooling, severe dehydration, unusual sleepiness, confusion, a stiff neck, a seizure, or a rapidly worsening illness. Get prompt advice if the rash is dark, bruise-like or does not fade when pressed, or if a baby has a fever. Contact a clinician if fever or throat pain persists, symptoms worsen after starting treatment, or new joint pain, dark urine, facial swelling or reduced urination develops after the infection.

Ask whether the symptoms need a throat swab or another test, whether an antibiotic is appropriate, and when the person can return to school or work. Mention any medicine allergy, pregnancy, immune-system condition or difficulty drinking. Ask which fever medicine and dose are suitable, what improvement to expect, and which symptoms should prompt a further review.