What should you know about ringworm treatment?

Ringworm is a fungal infection, despite its name; it is not caused by a worm. It can produce an itchy, scaly or spreading rash on the skin. A clinician may examine the border, scaling and body location, and may test a sample when another rash could look similar.

Small, uncomplicated areas on the skin may respond to a topical antifungal applied exactly as directed. Infection involving the scalp, hair, nails, widespread skin or repeated disease may need oral antifungal treatment. The medicine must be used for the recommended course even when the rash looks quieter.

Keep the affected skin clean and dry, wash hands after applying medicine, and avoid sharing towels, clothing, hairbrushes or sports equipment. Launder items that touch the area and clean commonly handled surfaces. Check household members and close contacts for new itchy or scaly patches, because ringworm can spread through people, animals and shared objects.

Use only a product suitable for the affected body area. Steroid cream used alone can change the appearance of a fungal rash and allow it to spread, so ask a pharmacist or clinician before adding one. Follow the label or prescription, and arrange review if the rash is not improving as expected.

Arrange medical assessment for scalp or hair involvement, a rapidly spreading rash, extensive areas, marked swelling, pus, fever, severe pain, or infection near the eyes. Seek advice sooner if you have reduced immunity, diabetes, pregnancy, or take medicines that could interact with antifungals. A rash that returns after treatment needs confirmation of the diagnosis and a review of contacts or reinfection sources.

Ask whether the appearance is consistent with ringworm, whether a skin sample is useful, which treatment fits the location, how long to continue it, and how to protect people or pets at home.