Is ringworm on the head contagious?

Scalp ringworm can pass between people through skin flakes, hairs and shared combs, brushes, hats, pillows or towels. Direct contact with an infected pet can also transmit the fungus. It may cause an itchy rash, scaling, broken hairs or patchy hair loss, although some carriers have few visible signs. A scalp rash is not proof of ringworm, so diagnosis matters before labelling family members or pets as infected.

Do not share combs, brushes, hats, helmets, pillowcases or towels. Wash or clean personal items as advised, launder fabrics that touch the scalp, and wash hands after applying medicine. Avoid close head-to-head contact until treatment has started and a clinician advises on school, work or activities. Arrange assessment for household members with itching, scaling or hair changes, and ask a veterinarian about pets with bald or scaly patches. Do not shave the scalp as a self-treatment.

Seek prompt care for scalp tenderness, a soft swollen patch, pus, thick crusts, fever, or quickly spreading hair loss. Early assessment is especially important for a child or a person with reduced immunity. Contact a clinician if symptoms continue despite treatment, because a different diagnosis, reinfection or a need for oral antifungal treatment may explain the change.

How can this be confirmed? Which household items need cleaning? Should close contacts or pets be examined? When can normal contact and shared activities resume?