What should you know about repeated patellar dislocation?

The patella normally tracks in a groove at the front of the knee. A dislocation moves it out of that groove and can stretch or tear the medial patellofemoral ligament, irritate cartilage or create swelling. After one event, fear of movement and altered thigh-muscle control can make the knee feel unreliable. Repeated episodes are a presentation of patellar instability; they do not reveal the full cause by themselves.

Assessment may include the history of each episode, examination of tracking and alignment, strength and flexibility, and imaging when a bone or cartilage injury is suspected. A knee that gives way without a clear dislocation also deserves evaluation.

After an episode, protect the knee as advised, control swelling and avoid twisting or pivoting until examined. Physiotherapy can retrain quadriceps and hip control, balance and confidence through a staged programme. Knee bracing may support selected activities but should fit the plan rather than replace strength work. If instability continues or a stabilising ligament is significantly injured, an orthopaedic surgeon may discuss MPFL reconstruction and other procedure-specific options.

Seek urgent assessment if the kneecap is visibly out of place, the knee is locked, swelling appears rapidly, you cannot bear weight, or the foot becomes cold, pale or numb. Arrange specialist review for repeated giving way, recurrent kneecap pain or reduced confidence after a dislocation.

Ask what caused the instability, whether cartilage or ligament damage is present, which activities to pause, how bracing should be used, and what rehabilitation milestones would support a return to sport.