Reducing a patellar dislocation safely

The patella normally glides in a groove at the front of the knee. In a dislocation it moves out of that groove, often after a twist, change of direction, or impact. A person may see an altered knee shape, feel severe pain, and be unable to straighten the leg. Sometimes the kneecap moves back before examination, but the supporting tissues can still be injured.

A clinician checks circulation, sensation, skin, bone tenderness, and knee movement. Reduction means guiding the kneecap back into position using controlled care. Imaging may be needed to look for a fracture or a small piece of cartilage or bone. A first event and repeated instability may need different management.

Keep weight off the leg until advised, support the knee in the position recommended, and use cold wrapped in cloth for short periods to limit discomfort. Do not test the knee with squats, running, or twisting. Rehabilitation usually restores movement first, then strengthens the quadriceps, hip, and trunk while improving balance and control. Physiotherapy can guide this progression; knee bracing may be used for selected activities.

Follow-up matters even if the knee looks normal. Recurrent episodes, ongoing [Kneecap Pain](/symptoms/kneecap-pain/), or [Knee Giving Way](/symptoms/knee-giving-way/) may prompt discussion of stabilisation options.

Go to an emergency service for a visibly displaced kneecap, severe pain, a cold or pale foot, numbness, loss of movement, major swelling, an open wound, or inability to bear weight. Do not attempt a home reduction. Prompt review is also needed after the kneecap has relocated if pain, swelling, locking, or instability continues.

Ask: Did the kneecap damage bone, cartilage, or a ligament? Do I need imaging? How long should I use a brace? Which exercises are safe now? What signs show that rehabilitation is progressing? If this happens again, would MPFL reconstruction or another option be considered?