What to do about swollen feet

A swollen foot may reflect temporary fluid build-up after heat, travel, prolonged standing, or a minor strain. It can also accompany inflammation, infection, circulation problems, or a medicine effect. The timing and pattern are useful: swelling in both feet after a long day is different from rapidly developing swelling in one foot with warmth and pain.

If swelling occurs with swollen hands, stiff joints, or symptoms in several joints, an inflammatory condition may be involved. A recent fall, twist, or direct blow raises concern for an injury that may need examination and imaging.

Raise your feet on cushions while resting and gently move the ankles through a comfortable range. Change position regularly rather than sitting or standing continuously. Wear supportive shoes with enough room for the toes, and avoid tight straps over the swollen area. Keep the skin clean and dry, especially if swelling makes footwear rub.

Do not massage a suddenly swollen, hot, or painful leg before a clinician has checked it. Do not stop prescribed treatment without advice. If symptoms are mild, note food, activity, heat, travel, medicines, and the time of day to discuss at an appointment.

Seek emergency help if foot swelling is accompanied by chest discomfort, shortness of breath, fainting, or coughing blood. Obtain prompt care for a single foot that becomes hot, red, tender, or rapidly larger, and for swelling with fever. An injury followed by severe pain, deformity, numbness, or inability to bear weight also needs urgent assessment. Persistent or recurrent swelling merits a routine review.

Ask: What causes fit my pattern of swelling? Should both feet be examined? Could a joint or tendon injury explain it? Are my current medicines relevant? Would compression be safe? What changes should prompt urgent care?