How to reduce menopause symptoms

Menopause follows a change in ovarian hormone activity and is reached after periods have stopped for a sustained time. The transition can bring hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, lower sexual desire, sleep disruption, mood changes and urinary or pelvic symptoms. Symptoms differ in type and intensity, and they can affect work, relationships and rest. A symptom that is new, severe or unrelated to the usual pattern should be assessed rather than automatically attributed to menopause.

Keep the bedroom cool, wear light layers and identify triggers for hot flushes or night sweats. Regular movement, steady sleep routines, balanced meals and reducing tobacco or alcohol may support energy and sleep. Vaginal moisturisers or lubricants can help dryness and discomfort with sex; a clinician can discuss local hormonal treatment when appropriate. Prescription hormone treatment or non-hormonal medicines may help selected symptoms, but the choice depends on your medical history, bleeding pattern and personal preferences. Menopause care can also include pelvic-floor assessment when pressure or bulging suggests Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

Arrange a review if symptoms disturb sleep, mood, work, sex or daily activities, or if vaginal or urinary discomfort persists despite self-care. Any bleeding after periods have stopped needs medical assessment. Seek prompt care for a new breast change, unexplained weight loss, severe depression, thoughts of self-harm, chest pain or severe breathlessness. A clinician can check whether another condition or medicine is contributing.

Ask which symptom treatment fits your history, whether local or systemic options are appropriate, how long to try a plan, and what bleeding or mood changes should prompt review.