What should you know about recurring heartburn?

Recurring heartburn should be assessed when it keeps returning, because reflux, stomach conditions and chest problems can produce overlapping sensations. Record when burning occurs, whether meals or lying down trigger it, and whether swallowing or breathing is affected.

Acid reflux can move stomach contents into the oesophagus and cause burning behind the breastbone, sour taste or throat irritation. A hiatus hernia can make reflux easier in some people. Gastritis and peptic ulcer disease may cause upper-abdominal discomfort or nausea. Obesity can increase pressure around the abdomen and worsen reflux symptoms. Heartburn is not the only possible explanation for chest burning, so the location, triggers and associated symptoms need attention.

Book a review if symptoms recur, disturb sleep, require frequent medication or affect eating. Try smaller meals, remain upright after eating, avoid personal triggers and raise the head of the bed if night symptoms occur. Do not stop prescribed medicines without advice. A clinician or pharmacist can explain whether acid reflux medication is suitable and how long to use it.

Seek emergency help for severe or crushing chest pain, breathlessness, fainting, sweating, pain spreading to the arm or jaw, or sudden weakness. Arrange prompt assessment for trouble swallowing, food sticking, vomiting blood, black stools, repeated vomiting, unexplained weight loss or persistent symptoms despite treatment.

Ask whether your symptoms fit reflux, gastritis, a hiatus hernia or another cause, and whether an examination or further testing is needed. Ask which foods, medicines or routines may contribute and how to use acid reflux medication safely.