What should you know about recurring Bartholin gland cyst?

Bartholin glands sit near the lower vaginal opening and release fluid through small ducts. A cyst forms when a duct becomes blocked; bacteria can turn the swelling into a painful abscess. Recurrence may happen when the duct closes again after simple drainage, or when infection has not fully settled. Vulval pain, pressure while sitting, and pain during sex can occur, although a small cyst may cause little discomfort.

A clinician may examine the lump and ask when it appeared, whether it drained, and whether you have fever or discharge. In adults, a new or persistent lump may need careful evaluation, particularly after menopause, because not every lump in this area is a simple cyst.

Arrange a gynaecology assessment when a lump returns, becomes tender, or interferes with walking or sex. Keep the area clean, avoid squeezing or trying to burst the swelling, and use warm baths for comfort if they suit you. A clinician may drain an abscess and place a small catheter, or discuss Bartholin cyst marsupialisation, which creates a lasting opening so fluid can drain. Treatment depends on examination findings and your history.

You can record changes in size, pain, redness, discharge, and temperature before the appointment. Do not use leftover antibiotics; the correct treatment depends on whether infection is present.

Seek urgent medical advice if the swelling becomes rapidly more painful, the skin is hot or red, pus appears, or you develop fever, chills, or feel unwell. Prompt care is also sensible if pain makes sitting or walking difficult. A lump that persists, returns repeatedly, or appears after menopause should be examined even if it is not painful. For related discomfort, see [Vulval Pain](/symptoms/vulval-pain/).

Ask whether the swelling is a cyst or abscess, whether a sample or further examination is needed, and which drainage option fits your recurrence pattern. You can also ask how to care for the wound, what signs suggest infection, and when a review is needed.