Psychotherapy for depression

A therapist may help you notice links between mood, thoughts, behaviour, relationships and daily routines. Sessions can address withdrawal, self-criticism, problem-solving, grief, communication and steps toward activities that matter to you. Some approaches are structured and skills-based; others focus more on relationships or past experiences. Depression may also involve fatigue, difficulty sleeping, daytime sleepiness, poor concentration, anxiety or irritability, all of which can be included in the assessment.

Start with a GP or qualified mental-health professional and describe how symptoms affect your day. Ask about the therapy approach, session format, expected goals, privacy and what to do between appointments. Be open if motivation is low; starting with one manageable goal can be realistic. Treatment may involve psychotherapy alone or alongside medical care, depending on symptom severity, past episodes, preferences and safety needs. Tell the therapist if the approach feels unsuitable so it can be adjusted.

Arrange an assessment if low mood, loss of interest, sleep changes, fatigue or concentration problems persist or interfere with daily life. Seek urgent help if you have thoughts of suicide or self-harm, feel unable to care for yourself, or notice severe agitation, confusion or unusual loss of sleep with rapidly changing thoughts. In an immediate crisis, contact local emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department.

Which therapy approach fits my symptoms and goals? Should I also discuss medication or sleep problems? How will progress be reviewed? What should I do if my mood worsens between sessions?