What should you know about pregnancy and postpartum depression?

Depression may begin during pregnancy or after birth, and it can affect a parent who expected to feel happy. Persistent sadness, emptiness, irritability, guilt, hopelessness, loss of interest, trouble concentrating, appetite changes or disrupted sleep can occur. Some people feel detached from the baby or doubt their ability to care for the baby. These experiences are more intense or longer-lasting than the brief emotional changes often called the baby blues. Low mood after birth can also appear alongside low sex drive and exhaustion. A clinician can assess mood, sleep, anxiety, physical health and safety rather than relying on one symptom.

Tell an obstetrician, midwife, family doctor or mental health professional what has been happening, when it started and how it affects feeding, rest, work or relationships. Treatment may include talking therapy, practical support, help with sleep and medication selected for pregnancy or breastfeeding when appropriate. Perinatal mental health support can include a care plan involving trusted family members. Accept specific help with meals, appointments, childcare or rest, and keep follow-up appointments even if symptoms ease.

Seek urgent help now if you are thinking about harming yourself or the baby, feel unable to stay safe, hear or see things others do not, feel unusually confused or severely agitated, or believe you must act on frightening thoughts. Do not stay alone; tell a trusted person and contact local emergency services or the nearest emergency department. For worsening sadness, withdrawal, panic or difficulty caring for yourself, arrange prompt clinical review.

Could my symptoms be depression, anxiety, or a physical problem affecting mood? Which treatments fit pregnancy or breastfeeding? What support is available between appointments? What warning signs should my family watch for, and who should we contact outside office hours?