Pre-eclampsia and placental abruption: what to know

Pre-eclampsia is associated with high blood pressure and possible effects on organs or the placenta. Placental abruption happens when the placenta separates from the womb wall before birth. Pre-eclampsia can be associated with placental problems, but having one condition does not prove that the other is present.

Abruption may cause vaginal bleeding, sudden abdominal or back pain, a tender womb or frequent contractions. Bleeding can be hidden behind the placenta, so severe pain or feeling unwell needs assessment even without visible blood.

Call your maternity unit urgently if a clinician has raised concern or if you develop pain, bleeding or contractions. Lie on your side while waiting for advice, avoid driving yourself, and bring your maternity notes and medicine list if you can do so safely.

Hospital assessment may include checking your blood pressure, pulse, pain, bleeding and the baby’s wellbeing. The team will decide whether observation, treatment or birth is safest for you and the baby.

Call emergency services for heavy vaginal bleeding, severe or constant abdominal pain, fainting, weakness, breathing difficulty, chest pain, a rigid or very tender abdomen, or reduced fetal movement when you are already feeling regular movement. Do not wait for a routine appointment.

Ask what findings support pre-eclampsia, what findings suggest abruption, how the baby and placenta will be monitored, and what circumstances would make birth necessary, including whether a Caesarean Section may be considered.