What should you know about polio transmission mode?

An infected person can release poliovirus in stool, including when they feel well. Poor hand hygiene after toileting or changing nappies can transfer the virus to surfaces, food or another person. Contaminated water and food can also carry infection where sanitation is inadequate.

Respiratory droplets and saliva may contribute to spread during close contact, particularly early in illness. Because infection can be silent, someone without obvious symptoms may still pass on the virus. Vaccination lowers the chance of infection and community spread.

Wash hands with soap and water after using the toilet, changing nappies, or helping someone who is ill, and before preparing or eating food. Clean bathroom surfaces and avoid sharing cups, utensils and towels. Use safe drinking water and well-cooked food when sanitation is uncertain.

If someone has suspected polio, contact a clinician promptly and follow local public-health instructions. Check vaccination records for children and adults, especially before travel to areas where polio may circulate.

Get urgent medical advice after possible exposure if fever is followed by neck stiffness, severe muscle pain, new weakness, trouble walking or swallowing. Emergency help is needed for breathing difficulty or rapidly worsening weakness.

Ask whether testing is needed, how long extra hygiene precautions should continue, which household contacts need advice, and whether any vaccinations are due.