How are polio and measles different?

Measles often begins with fever, cough, runny nose and sore, watery eyes. A red or brownish rash usually follows and may spread from the face down the body. Small spots inside the mouth can also occur. Swollen glands or fever can accompany many infections and do not identify measles by themselves.

Polio may be silent or may cause a general viral illness. In more serious cases, it affects nerves that control movement, producing weakness, stiffness or paralysis. The two illnesses are caused by different viruses, so a rash does not indicate polio and weakness does not indicate measles.

If measles is possible, call a healthcare service before attending in person so staff can reduce exposure to others. Keep the unwell person away from vulnerable contacts until you receive advice, and avoid sharing towels or utensils. Describe the fever, rash, cough, eye symptoms, vaccination history and any recent contact with illness.

Vaccination helps prevent measles and polio. Ask about [MMR Vaccination](/treatments/preventive-care-and-vaccination/mmr-vaccination/) and [Childhood Immunisation](/treatments/preventive-care-and-vaccination/childhood-immunisation/). A [GP Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/gp-consultation/) can help assess uncertain symptoms.

Seek emergency help for breathing difficulty, severe drowsiness, a seizure, dehydration, rapidly worsening weakness or trouble swallowing. Prompt assessment is needed for a high fever with a new rash, especially after possible measles exposure. Do not wait for a rash to appear if a child is very unwell.

Ask whether the pattern fits measles, polio or another illness, whether testing or notification is needed, how long to avoid close contact, and which vaccines are due.