How is polio transmitted?

The virus can multiply in the intestine and leave the body in stool. Poor hand hygiene after using the toilet or changing a nappy can transfer it to surfaces, meals or drinking water. An infected person may have no obvious symptoms and can still pass the virus on. Less commonly, contact with saliva or respiratory secretions may contribute to spread, especially during close contact.

Wash hands carefully with soap and running water after toilet use, after changing nappies and before preparing or eating food. Use safe drinking water and eat food that has been handled hygienically. Vaccination is the strongest personal protection and helps reduce circulation in the community; ask a clinician to check whether routine doses are up to date. More information is available in Childhood Immunisation.

Seek urgent medical assessment for sudden weakness in an arm or leg, difficulty walking, trouble swallowing or breathing, or marked neck or back stiffness. Contact a clinician promptly after possible exposure if fever, sore throat, vomiting or unusual tiredness develops, particularly when vaccination is incomplete or travel has involved an outbreak area.

Ask whether your vaccination record is complete, whether anyone in your household needs catch-up immunisation, and what precautions are appropriate after travel or a known exposure.