What should you know about polio attack?

Polio is a viral infection. Some infections cause no obvious symptoms, while others cause fever, sore throat, headache, nausea, stomach upset or muscle pain. When the nervous system is affected, weakness can appear, often unevenly, and may involve the legs, arms, swallowing muscles or breathing muscles.

Sudden weakness has many possible causes, so symptoms alone cannot confirm polio. Recent travel, exposure, vaccination history and the pattern of weakness help clinicians decide which tests and infection-control steps are needed.

If polio is possible, contact urgent medical services before arriving so they can advise you safely and reduce exposure to others. Do not share towels, utensils or drinks while waiting for advice, and wash hands carefully after using the toilet.

Note when symptoms began, whether weakness is spreading, and any recent travel or contact with an unwell person. Bring your vaccination information if available. Routine protection is supported through [Childhood Immunisation](/treatments/preventive-care-and-vaccination/childhood-immunisation/).

Call emergency services for sudden or rapidly worsening weakness, difficulty breathing, choking, inability to swallow, severe drowsiness or new trouble speaking. Do not wait for a rash or a high fever before seeking help.

Urgent assessment is also needed for weakness with severe neck or back stiffness, repeated vomiting or dehydration. Keep the person safe from falls and do not force food or drink if swallowing is difficult.

Ask what other causes are being considered, which tests are needed, whether isolation is advised, how symptoms will be monitored, and whether household members need vaccination advice or assessment.